From
the translation by Muhammad Asad (Leopold Weiss)
About the translator:
Muhammad Asad, Leopold Weiss,
was born of Jewish parents in Livow, Austria (later
Poland) in 1900, and at the age of 22 made his first
visit to the Middle East. He later became an outstanding
foreign correspondent for the Franfurter Zeitung,
and after his conversion to Islam travelled and
worked throughout the Muslim world, from North Africa
to as far east as Afghanistan, India and Pakistan.
After years of devoted study he became one of the
leading Muslim scholars of our age. His translation
of the Holy Qur'an is one of the most lucid and
well-referenced works in this category, dedicated
to “li-qawmin yatafakkaroon” (For people
who think).
Chapter 41, verses 9 –
11
Say: “Would you indeed deny Him who has created
the earth in two eons? [ 1 ] And do you claim that
there is any power that could rival Him, the Sustainer
of all the worlds?”
For He [it is who, after creating the earth,] placed
firm mountains on it, [towering] above its surface,
and bestowed [so many] blessings on it, and equitably
apportioned its means of subsistence to all who
seek it: [ and all this He created] in four eons.
[2]
And He [it is who] applied His design to the skies,
which were yet but smoke; [3] and He [it is who]
said to them and to the earth, “Come [into
being], both of you, willingly or unwillingly! –
to which both responded, “We do come in obedience.”[
4 ]
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Translator’s Notes
[ 1 ] As in so many verses of the
Qur’an which relate to cosmic events, the
repeated mention of the “six eons” during
which the universe was created – “two”
of which, according to the above verse, were taken
by the evolution of the inorganic universe, including
the earth – has a purely allegorical import:
in this case, I believe, an indication that the
universe did not exist “eternally” but
had a definite beginning in time, and that it required
a definite time-lapse to evolve to its present condition.
[ 2 ] Almost all the classical
commentators agree in that that these “four
eons” include the “two” mentioned
in the preceding verse: hence my interpolation of
the words “and all this He created.”
Together with the two eons of verse 12, the entire
allegorical number comes to six.
[ 3 ] I.e., a gas – evidently
hydrogen gas, which physicists regard as the primal
element from which all material particles of the
universe have evolved and still evolve.
[ 4 ] Explaining this passage,
Zamakhshari observes: “The meaning of God’s
command to the skies and the earth to ‘come’,
and their submission [to his command] is this: He
willed their coming into being, and so they came
to be as He willed them to be…: and this is
the kind of ‘metaphor’ which is called
‘allegory’…Thus, the purport [of
this passage] is but an illustration of the effect
of His almighty power on all that is willed [by
Him].